Strollerderby

They Say: Autism is Linked to Watching TV

If you ever suspected it was no coincidence that the rise in childhood autism began around the same time as the advent of cable TV, a Cornell study shows you were on to something.

Researchers at Cornell University claim to have established a definite link between autism rates and TV watching among toddlers in California, Pennsylvania, Washington, and Oregon. Beginning in 1980, when cable TV brought Nickelodeon and other children’s programs into people’s homes, autism rates rose most sharply in counties with a high percentage of homes with cable. Specifically, the Cornell study found that “roughly 17 percent of the growth in autism in California and Pennsylvania during the 1970s and 1980s was due to the growth in cable television.”

And studying the amount of time children watched television based upon particularly rainy and snowy years in the Western states (bad weather is known to increase child TV watching), the researchers concluded that “just under 40 percent of autism diagnoses in the three states studied is the result of television watching.” Although it’s possible that these numbers reflect a relationship between autism and staying indoors (not watching TV), these numbers are much more conclusive than any of the numerous studies looking to establish a link between autism and vaccines.

The Cornell researchers are advancing no theories as to why increased television watching among toddlers causes an increased likelihood of an autism diagnosis, but it’s possible the link is related to the fact that the ability to process visual data develops in the first three years of life; children with autism exhibit abnormal activity in these areas of the brain.

It may be time that researchers turned their attention away from chemicals and genetic links in the search for a cure for autism. If something as simple as avoiding TeleTubbies and Baby Einstein could help lower autism rates, this is something every parent needs to know.

Photo: Cleveland Leader

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Comments

 

Oh come now said:

This story is from 2006 and been picked apart as scientifically suspect to say the least.

Oh well, you made me click.

July 28, 2008 11:34 AM
 

renee said:

Inferential Statistics 101: The Ecologic Fallacy.  Unless you show that the kids who watched TV and the kids who have autism are the same kids, you have not proven anything. I'm surprised this made it through peer review.

July 28, 2008 11:43 AM
 

kpearce said:

The researchers never made a causal claim, merely that there is a correlation between television viewing and autism. It is the media reports that make it sound causal.

July 28, 2008 12:02 PM
 

leahsmom said:

The media does this all the time - two things happen at the same time - boom! We Have Found the Explanation!

This is why I don't read the paper anymore.

July 28, 2008 12:17 PM
 

kpearce said:

Also, let's note that these researchers are from the business school, the policy school and the department of economics. They are making an economic argument about cable spreading throughout the U.S. and increased viewership in colder places.

But looking at more communication/psych/medical based research on the same topic, there hasn't been much done specifically on autism.

But a 2001 10-year lit review by Susan Villani found that the primary effects of media exposure are increased violent and aggressive behavior, increased high-risk behaviors, including alcohol and tobacco use, and accelerated onset of sexual activity.

A 2005 study looked at the impact of TV viewing at age 3 on cognitive skills at age 6 and 7.

"Each hour of average daily television viewing before age 3 years was associated with deleterious effects on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test Reading Recognition Scale... on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test Reading Comprehension Scale... and on the Memory for Digit Span assessment..."

Not good stuff. It isn't autism, but doing worse on reading and counting? Not good at all.

July 28, 2008 12:21 PM
 

Renee said:

(other) renee:  You know, I can't actually tell if the paper was ever peer-reviewed - it certainly was never published in a peer-reviewed journal.  The only place I can see that it's published is as a working paper from the National Bureau of Economic Research (a private non-profit research foundation), and their site doesn't say anything about their publishing practices.

Anyway, I remember reading this when it came out (I'm a research psychologist specializing in child cognitive development), and thinking it was mildly interesting, but a pretty big stretch.  It may be standard practice for economists, but I can tell you that no responsible psychologist would make such grand and inflammatory claims over this type of research design.

July 28, 2008 12:54 PM
 

chyna823 said:

I also wonder if the reason is the other way around--children with autism tend to watch more TV, perhaps because their parents need the break more. Just a guess...

July 28, 2008 6:57 PM
 

Sheri said:

Great......considering Nate didn't even see tv until he was 2 1/2...

Just what parents of children on the spectrum need, more frigging guilt that we did something to cause this....

Thanks.

July 28, 2008 7:49 PM
 

Dad said:

Thank goodness I don't live in one of those 4 states! My kids can watch all the TV they want!

July 28, 2008 9:16 PM
 

Hannah Tennant-Moore said:

Sheri,  I am certainly not calling attention to this study to blame the parents of children with autism.  If anything, the study puts the blame on the shoulders of Baby Einstein, TeleTubbies, and other TV programs marketed at the very young.  I firmly support the American Academy of Pediatrics' warning against letting children under two watch television,  which you apparently followed, so there is certainly no need to feel any guilt.  

I have a close friend with two boys who have been diagnosed with autism, and she thought the study had merit.  It was at her urging that I chose to share it.  Of course, as I pointed out, the study certainly has holes in it--for instance, who's to say that spending more time indoors, which means higher exposure to chemicals, was not the key factor?  Renee, thanks for pointing out that the study was not published in a peer-reviewed journal, which does cast it in a dubious light.

I just believe that, until there is a cure, it is important to consider every study on the topic.  If that means ripping a study to shreds, by all means do!  

July 29, 2008 3:22 PM

About Hannah Tennant-Moore

Hannah Tennant-Moore is a Brooklyn-based freelance writer whose work has appeared or is forthcoming in Best Buddhist Writing (2008); The Sun; Guantanamo: Inside the Prison, Outside the Law; Tricycle; Turning Wheel (as the winner of the Young Writers Award); and elsewhere.

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