This was really interesting for me to read. I have a close friend whose son is clearly on the spectrum. Even though I know nothing about autism and haven't been around autistic children I could tell something was different about him from when he was very young. Sure enough, she has been getting indications from playgroup teachers, admissions officers at many schools, and many more overt "hints" that her son is on the spectrum for years. He is now almost 6 and she still won't accept that he may have AS or something like it; she is wildly upset, hurt, offended etc when someone, even a professional, a teacher, another parent, mentions the autism spectrum. It is easy to judge her and say what she should do; what her son would benefit from. But I have come to realize that she is who she is and she loves her son deeply and is -- although not having him treated for autism -- caring for him with all her heart. I am saddened that she can't accept a diagnosis as something that would help her and her son but she won't. When I have tried, gently, to suggest that she get him treatment, she gets upset to the point of hysteria. I know that if I press it we will not be friends. Maybe one day, before too long, she will seek help. But she isn't going to because people, even friends who love her, tell her to (much less strangers.) What I have been told is that as soon as the child enters the school system and is diagnosed/referred for diagnosis by a teacher the state will intervene. I can say, from my experience, that a stranger coming up to my friend and suggesting that her son is on the spectrum would be no help at all and possibly quite harmful. Other people are other people. Not everyone is well adjusted and not every story ends happily. And there is nothing we can do about that. I think the other commenter who pointed out that the author of this excellent article may want to examine her own desire to point out another woman's child's autism is right on. We are all complex creatures, moved by forces that we don't understand, and it can be cruel verging on sadistic to tell a woman you don't know that something is seriously "wrong" with her child whether or not you are right. Odds are the woman knows, whether she admits it or not. And it is her path to reckon with the twists and turns in her life. It is not for you to force her to "acknowledge" a truth. Or, really, to tell her how to care for her child. The truth, in the end, will out.